Wednesday, October 17, 2018
Blessings of Dionysus
Euripides, Bacchae 378-385 (tr. William Arrowsmith):
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These blessings he gave:The same, in Gilbert Murray's very free version:
the sacred company's dance and song,
laughter to the pipe
and the loosing of cares
when the shining wine is poured
at the feast for the gods,
and the wine bowl casts its sleep
on feasters crowned with ivy.
ὃς τάδ᾽ ἔχει,
θιασεύειν τε χοροῖς
μετά τ᾽ αὐλοῦ γελάσαι 380
ἀποπαῦσαί τε μερίμνας,
ὁπόταν βότρυος ἔλθῃ
γάνος ἐν δαιτὶ θεῶν, κισ-
σοφόροις δ᾽ ἐν θαλίαις ἀν-
δράσι κρατὴρ ὕπνον ἀμφιβάλλῃ. 385
For his kingdom, it is there,Valdis Leinieks, The City of Dionysos: A Study of Euripides' Bakchai (Stuttgart: Β.G. Teubner, 1996), pp. 222-223:
In the dancing and the prayer,
In the music and the laughter,
In the vanishing of care,
And of all before and after;
In the Gods' high banquet, when
Gleams the grape-blood, flashed to heaven;
Yea, and in the feasts of men
Comes his crownèd slumber; then
Pain is dead and hate forgiven!
Wine is a form of nourishment. Dionysos provides it (οἴνωι, 142; οἴνου, 707) miraculously to his worshipers along with milk and honey when they are hungry. The main function of wine (ἀμπέλου ῥοῆς, 281; βότρυος...γάνος, 382-383; ἄμπελον, 772; οἴνου, 423), however, is medicinal. It brings forgetfulness of pain (λήθην τῶν...κακών, 282; ἄλυπον, 423; παυσίλυπον, 772) and induces sleep (ὕπνον, 282, 385). As a positive force wine brings joy (γάνος, 261, 383; χάριν, 535; τέρψιν, 423; τερπνόν, 774). By expelling pain and bringing joy wine contributes to the enjoyment of the simple and unambitious life.