Sunday, July 09, 2023

 

Repetition of Relative Antecedent

Caesar, Gallic War 1.6.1 (tr. James J. O'Donnell):
There were just two routes they could take from home...

erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent...
Id. 1.16.5:
When Caesar realized he was being led on and the date when grain must be rationed to the soldiers was pressing...

ubi se diutius duci intellexit et diem instare quo die frumentum militibus metiri oporteret...
For the repetition of the antecedent in the relative clause (itinera ... quibus itineribus, diem ... quo die) see Rudolf Menge, Über das Relativum in der Sprache Cäsars. Grammatisch-kritische Abhandlung (Progr. Halle, 1889), pp. 5-6. I don't have access to Eva Odelman, Études sur quelques reflets du style administratif chez César (diss. University of Stockholm, 1972), who discusses this construction on pp. 148-152.

Evangelos Karakasis, Terence and the Language of Roman Comedy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 75:
[I]n a relative clause, the relative pronoun is sometimes pleonastically followed by the noun to which it refers, which normally occurs in the main clause.59 This lengthy form of expression is again restricted in the speech of old people in Terence, especially to that of Lucius Ambivius in the prologues of Heautontimoroumenos and Hecyra (two out of three examples): Heaut. 20–1 habet bonorum exemplum, quo exemplo sibi licere [id] facere and Hec. 10–11 sinite exorator sim eodem ut iure uti senem liceat quo iure sum usus adulescentior. The last example is spoken by Micio at Ad. 854 i ergo intro, et quoi reist, ei rei [hilarum] hunc sumamus diem.

59 Cf. K-S 569.
Is the citation K-S 569 correct? I see a discussion of the construction in Raphael Kühner and Carl Stegmann, Ausführliche Grammatik der lateinischen Sprache, Band II: Satzlehre, Teil II (Hannover: Hahn, 1914), pp. 283-284 (§ 193, 6: "Häufig wird das Substantiv, auf welches sich das Relativ bezieht, nach dem Relative wiederholt," etc.). Karakasis uses a 1966 edition, unavailable to me.

See also Friedrich Leo, Analecta Plautina: De Figuris Sermonis II (Göttingen: Dieterich, 1898), pp. 23-24, n. 1, and J.B. Hofmann and Anton Szantyr, Lateinische Syntax und Stilistik (Munich: C.H. Beck, 1965), pp. 563-564 (§ 303: "Wiederholung des Beziehungswortes im Relativsatz (Typus locus, quo in loco)").

Related post: Repetition of Antecedent Within Relative Clause.



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