Wednesday, January 31, 2024

 

Suspicious?

Homer, Odyssey 7.307 (tr. Emily Wilson):
We humans on this earth / are apt to be suspicious.

δύσζηλοι γάρ τ᾽ εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ᾽ ἀνθρώπων.
Cambridge Greek Lexicon s.v. δύσζηλος, sense 1:
(of persons) perh., apt to put a bad construction on things, suspicious Od.
A.T. Murray translates δύσζηλοι as quick to anger. Likewise W. Walter Merry and James Riddell in their commentary. The word occurs only here in Homer.

A.F Garvie ad loc.:
The epithet does not become common until late Greek. Even ζῆλος and ζηλόω are not used in Il. or Od. LSJ translate 'exceeding jealous', which corresponds with the meaning of ζῆλος (-όω) after H.; cf. h. Dem. 168, 223, h. Ap. 100. But jealousy hardly fits the context of Alcinous' anger at his daughter's breach of propriety. If ζηλόω and φθονέω (for which see 6.68n.) are already synonymous, 'grudging' is a better translation. Cf. 5.118 ζηλήμονες, the only other occurrence in H. of a word from this family, where Calypso complains that the gods grudge (ἀγάασσθε) that goddesses should sleep with men. Merry and Riddell explain '(-ζέω), quick to anger, touchy', and it may have been thus understood by A.R. 4.1089 λίην γὰρ δύσζηλοι ἑαῖς ἐπὶ παισὶ τοκῆες. But the derivation from ζέω, 'boil', 'seethe', is dubious.



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